Stokes Lecture Clips on Physics
Two-Semester Course in Algebra-Based Introductory Physics
Harold T. Stokes, Brigham Young University
I produced most of these clips while teaching Physics 105 and 106 at
BYU. Most of these clips are not polished presentations. I made
them so that students could review the material discussed in
class.
In 2017, I added some new clips and reorganized all of the clips by
subject rather than by lecture. You may access the old index at
oldindex.html.
You may use these clips for education purposes. If you want
to put links to these clips on a webpage, you may provide links
to individual clips if you wish.
First Semester
1-1. One-Dimensional Motion
1-2. Two-Dimensional Motion
1-3. Newton's Laws
1-4. Applications of Newton's Laws
1-5. Energy
1-6. Momentum
1-7. Circular Motion
1-8. Centripetal Acceleration
1-9. Gravity
1-10. Torque
1-11. Moment of Inertia and Angular Acceleration
1-12. Rotational Kinetic Energy
1-13. Angular Momentum
1-14. Density and Pressure
1-15. Buoyancy
1-16. Flowing Fluids
1-17. Temperature and Thermal Expansion
1-18. Ideal Gas
1-19. Heat
1-20. Work
1-21. First Law of Thermodynamics
1-22. Second Law of Thermodynamics
1-23. Harmonic Motion
1-24. Waves and Sound
1-25. Intensity
1-26. Doppler Effect
1-27. Shock Waves
1-28. Standing Waves
1-29. Standing Waves in Tubes
1-30. Beats
1-31. Music
1-32. Review Questions
Second Semester
2-1. Electric charge
2-2. Coulomb's Law and Electric Fields
2-3. Electric Potential
2-4. Capacitors
2-5. Electric Current and Resistors
2-6. Kirchhoff's Rules
2-7. RC Circuit
2-8. Light Bulbs
2-9. Magnetic Fields and Force
2-10. Current Loops
2-11. Induced Current
2-12. Inductors
2-13. AC Circuits
2-14. Transformers
2-15. Electromagnetic Waves
2-16. Reflection and Refraction
2-17. Images of Mirrors and Lenses
2-18. Double Slits and Diffraction Gratings
2-19. Thin Films
2-20. Single Slits
2-21. Camera and Eye
2-22. Optical Instruments and Resolution
2-23. Polarized Light
2-24. Relativity
2-25. Photons
2-26. Quantum Mechanics and Atoms
2-27. Atomic Nuclei and Half-Life
2-28. Nuclear Decay and Reactions
2-29. Nuclear Power and Ionizing Radiation
2-30. Semiconductors
2-31. Lasers
2-32. Superconductors
2-33. Particle Physics
References
First Semester
1-1. One-Dimensional Motion
1-1-1Plot x vs t for an object moving from left to right.
1-1-2 Plot x vs t for an object moving from right to left and back again.
1-1-3 Velocity.
1-1-4 Quiz: Which object is moving faster?
1-1-5 Velocity is slope of line in x-vs-t graph.
1-1-6 Plot x vs t for an automobile going from 0 to 60 mph.
1-1-7 Acceleration.
1-1-8 Negative acceleration.
1-1-9 Plot v vs t for an automobile going from 0 to 60 mph.
1-1-10 Acceleration of a Mini Cooper (Ref.).
1-1-11 Plot v vs t for an object moving from left to right and back again.
1-1-12 Quiz: Is the object speeding up or slowing down? (case 1)
1-1-13 Quiz: Is the object speeding up or slowing down? (case 2)
1-1-14 Rule for determining whether an object is speeding up or slowing down.
1-1-15 Plot a vs t for an object moving from left to right.
1-1-16 Equations for motion with constant acceleration.
1-1-17 Setting up a sample problem.
1-1-18 Downward acceleration of gravity.
1-1-19 Equations for falling objects.
1-1-20 Setting up a sample problem.
1-1-21 Quiz: Is object in free fall on the way up or on the way down?
1-1-22 Plot motion of an object thrown up into the air.
1-1-23 Graph a jump.
1-1-24 Golf swing in equal-time representation.
(Ref.)
1-1-25 Object moving at constant velocity.
1-1-26 Two cars moving at different speeds.
1-1-27 Which car is going faster?
1-1-28 Object slowing down.
1-1-29 Falling object.
1-1-30YouTube video of falling drops with strobe light.
1-1-31 Golf swing again. (Ref.)
1-1-32 All objects fall with the same acceleration.
1-2. Two-Dimensional Motion
1-2-1 Vector addition.
1-2-2 Quiz: Vector addition.
1-2-3 Vector components.
1-2-4 Trigonometry.
1-2-5 Exercise: Find components of vector.
1-2-6 Exercise: Find components of another vector.
1-2-7 Vectors and motion in a straight line.
1-2-8 Projectile motion.
1-2-9 Equations for projectile motion.
1-2-10 Equations for x and components of initial velocity
1-2-11 Touch down pass. (Ref.)
1-2-12 Measuring data from video of pass.
(Ref.)
1-2-13 Calculations for the pass.
1-2-14 Height of the pass.
1-2-15 Baseball simulation.
1-2-16 Quiz: Where does the ball have a minimum speed?
1-2-17 Plots of baseball simulation.
1-2-18 Demo: Projectile motion.
1-2-19 Boat crossing a river.
1-2-20 Boat crossing a river again.
1-2-21 Quiz: Air speed vs ground speed of airplane.
1-3. Newton's Laws
1-3-1 Quiz: First law.
1-3-2 Quiz: Inertia of a moving object.
1-3-3 Quiz: Inertia of a car on the moon.
1-3-4 Weight versus inertia.
1-3-5 Inertia of a hammer.
1-3-6 Quiz: Inertia of a block sliding on a pipe.
1-3-7 Quiz: Inertia of a hanging weight.
1-3-8 Zero net force.
1-3-9 Quiz: Car going up a hill at constant velocity.
1-3-10 Demo: Third law.
1-3-11 Table pushes back.
1-3-12 Cars pushing back on pavement (Ref.).
1-3-13 2nd law and weight.
1-4. Applications of Newton's Laws
1-4-1 Example: Pushing a cart up a hill.
1-4-2 Review of Newton's 3rd law.
1-4-3 Quiz: Are two forces acting on two ends of a rope equal because of Newton's 3rd Law?
1-4-4 Quiz: Tension in a string passing through a pulley.
1-4-5 Demo: Tension in a string passing through a pulley.
1-4-6 Example: Object on table and hanging object connected with a string.
1-4-7 Quiz: Tension in a string connected to a falling weight.
1-4-8 Normal force of floor on standing person
1-4-9 Quiz: Are the normal force and gravitational force a third-law pair?
1-4-10 What does a scale actually measure?
1-4-11 Inside an accelerating elevator. (Ref.)
1-4-12 Quiz: How will water inside a bottle behave in free fall?
1-4-13 Demo: Kinetic and static friction.
1-4-14 Kinetic and static friction.
1-4-15 Block sliding down a hill.
1-4-16 Quiz: Direction of friction for a car speeding up.
(Ref.)
1-4-17 Quiz: Direction of friction for a car slowing down.
1-4-18 Car stopping as fast as it can.
1-4-19 Quiz: In tug-of-war, which team is pulling on the rope with more force?
1-4-20 Tug-of-war.
1-4-21 Set up homework problem 4-3.
1-4-22 Set up homework problem 4-4.
1-4-23 Pull down on the middle of a tight rope.
1-4-24 Lifting heavy weights with a pulley. (Ref.)
1-4-25 Demo: Lifting heavy weights with a pulley.
1-4-26 Demo: One girl versus four boys using pulleys.
1-4-27 Pushing two blocks.
1-4-28 Quiz: Pushing two blocks.
1-4-29 Quiz: Two objects hanging from a pulley.
1-4-30 Two objects hanging from a pulley.
1-5. Energy
1-5-1 Kinetic energy and work.
1-5-2 Work done by a force acting at an angle.
1-5-3 Work done by friction.
1-5-4 Work done by more than one force.
1-5-5 Quiz: Work done by gravity when I lift an object.
1-5-6 Quiz: Work done by an object on my hand when I lift it.
1-5-7 Quiz: Work done by a normal force on a cart rolling down a hill.
1-5-8 Work done by gravity on a falling object.
1-5-9 Work done by gravity on an object sliding down a hill.
1-5-10 Conservative forces, potential energy, and conservation of mechanical energy.
1-5-11 Throw an object up into the air: changes in kinetic and potential energies.
1-5-12 Demo: Springs.
1-5-13 Potential energy of a spring.
1-5-14 Video: Analysis of a pole vault (Ref.).
1-5-15 Maximum achievable height for a pole vault.
1-5-16 Flow of energy during a bungee jump.
1-5-17 Graph of energy during a bungee jump.
1-5-18 Calculation of the height of a bungee jump.
1-5-19 Quiz: Conservation of energy when friction is present
1-5-20 Power.
1-5-21 Energy required for a car to travel at 65 mph.
1-6. Momentum
1-6-1 Momentum and impulse.
1-6-2 Quiz: Impulse on a bullet and a gun.
1-6-3 Conservation of momentum.
1-6-4 Quiz: Conservation of momentum for Earth in orbit around the Sun.
1-6-5 Elastic and inelastic collisions.
1-6-6 Momentum after an inelastic collision between a ping pong ball and a bowling ball.
1-6-7 Example of perfectly inelastic collision.
1-6-8 Collision of car with racoon.
1-6-9 Elastic collision between two object with the same mass.
1-6-10 Demo: Newton's cradle.
1-6-11 Elastic collision between a small and large object.
1-6-12 Quiz: Momentum of bowling ball after an elastic collision with a ping pong ball.
1-6-13 Results of elastic vs inelastic collisions.
1-6-14 Quiz: Which ball will knock down the board?
1-6-15 Demo: Which ball will knock down the board?
1-6-16 Quiz: Change of momentum in collision of ball with Earth.
1-6-17 Head on elastic collision between small and large object.
1-6-18 Dropping stacked balls.
1-6-19 YouTube Demo: Dropping stacked balls
1-7. Circular Motion
1-7-1 Circular motion.
1-7-2 Plot of angle of Earth as it orbits and Sun.
1-7-3 Plots of Wheel of Fortune.
1-7-4 Equations for constant angular acceleration.
1-7-5 Quiz: Which horse on the merry-go-round has the greatest angular velocity?
1-7-6 Distance, velocity, and acceleration for a point on a rotating rigid body.
1-7-7 Graph of pendulum motion.
1-8. Centripetal Acceleration
1-8-1 Three kinds of acceleration.
1-8-2 Acceleration of an object going in a circle.
1-8-3 Quiz: Direction of acceleration of ball on a string.
1-8-4 Free-body diagram of ball on a string.
1-8-5 Demo: Flying pig.
1-8-6 Tangential and cetripetal acceleration.
1-8-7 Quiz: Acceleration of a pendulum bob at the bottom of the swing.
1-8-8 Quiz: Acceleration of a pendulum bob at the top of the swing.
1-8-9 Quiz: Acceleration of a pendulum bob half-way down.
1-8-10 Quiz: Acceleration of a pendulum bob half-way up.
1-8-11 Pendulum simulation.
1-9. Gravity
1-9-1 Law of gravity.
1-9-2 Orbits.
1-9-3 Velocity of object in orbit.
1-9-4 Quiz: Potential energy of a comet.
1-9-5 Quiz: Kinetic energy of a comet.
1-10. Torque
1-10-1 Torque.
1-10-2 Demo: Torque on a door.
1-10-3 Demo: Torque on a rod.
1-10-4 Demo: Forces on two ends of a hanging meter stick.
1-10-5 Quiz: Forces on two ends of a hanging meter stick.
1-10-6 Analysis of forces on two ends of a hanging meter stick.
1-10-7 Quiz: Torques on a seesaw.
1-10-8 Quiz: Torques on a broom. (Ref.)
1-10-9 Demo: Balancing a box on one hand.
1-10-10 Center of gravity.
1-10-11 Torque due to force at an angle.
1-10-12 Example: Torque on a beam.
1-10-13 Example: Torque on a hanging sign.
1-10-14 Example: Torque on a wheel.
1-10-15 The foot. (Ref.)
1-10-16 Quiz: Forces on the foot.
1-10-17 Calculate the forces on the foot.
1-10-18 Standing on tip-toes.
1-10-19 Quiz: Force of friction on a turning car.
1-10-20 Maximum velocity of turning a car without sliding.
1-10-21 Quiz: Is the normal force greater on inside or outside tires of a car during
a turn? (Ref.)
1-10-22 Maximum velocity of turning a car without rolling.
1-10-23 Static stability factor (Ref.).
1-10-24 Torques on a wheel.
1-11. Moment of Inertia and Angular Acceleration
1-11-1 Moment of inertia.
1-11-2 Demo: Rotating rod.
1-11-3 Demo: Rotating two rods with different moments of inertia.
1-11-4 Moment of inertia of hollow and solid cylinders.
1-11-5 Quiz: Downhill race between a hollow and a solid cylinder.
1-11-6 Demo: Downhill race between a hollow and a solid cylinder.
1-11-7 Quiz: About which axis is the moment of inertia greater?
1-11-8 Quiz: Which tension is greater?
1-11-9 Free-body diagram of pulley.
1-11-10 Rolling without slipping.
1-11-11 Quiz: Which direction is friction on a rolling object?
1-11-12 Free-body diagram of an object rolling downhill.
1-11-13 Push-ups
1-12. Rotational Kinetic Energy
1-12-1 Rotational kinetic energy.
1-12-2 Object rolling down a hill.
1-12-3 Quiz: Downhill race between a billiard ball and a bowling ball.
1-12-4 Demo: Downhill races.
1-13. Angular Momentum
1-13-1 Angular momentum.
1-13-2 Demo: Shorten the radius of the circular motion of a ball.
1-13-3 Demo: Angular momentum of an object moving in a straight line.
1-13-4 Demo: Student on rotating chair with weights in his hands.
1-13-5 Quiz: What happens to the angular momentum when the weights are pulled in?
1-13-6 Quiz: What happens to the rotational kinetic energy when the weights are
pulled in?
1-13-7 Demo: Student on rotating chair with wheel first rotating about a vertical
axis.
1-13-8 Quiz: What happens when the student on a rotating chair begins with the
wheel rotating about a horizontal axis?
1-13-9 Demo: Student on rotating chair with wheel first rotating about a horizontal
axis.
1-13-10 Demo: Student standing on a rotating platform.
1-14. Density and Pressure
1-14-1 Density and Pressure.
1-14-2 Demo: Crushing a can.
1-14-3 Demo: Pulling apart two hemispheres.
1-14-4 YouTube: Ping pong cannon.
1-14-5 Pressure in a liquid.
1-14-6 Quiz: Pressure in a lake and in a swimming pool.
1-14-7 Quiz: Pressure at the bottom of two containers.
1-14-8 Pressure at the bottom of a dam.
1-15. Buoyancy
1-15-1 Buoyant force on an object.
1-15-2 Quiz: What does the buoyant force depend on?
1-15-3 Buoyant force on steel and wooden objects.
1-15-4 Archimede's principle.
1-15-5 Buoyant force on a floating object.
1-15-6 Quiz: Buoyant force on rowboat.
1-15-7 Quiz: What happens when the ice cube melts?
1-15-8 Demo: Changing lead to gold.
1-15-9 Cartesian diver.
1-15-10 Demo: Cartesian diver.
1-15-11 Quiz: Dip finger into beaker of water.
1-15-12 Demo: Dip finger into beaker of water.
1-15-13 Quiz: Hanging weight in water.
1-15-14 Buoyancy of air.
1-15-15 Quiz: Buoyancy of inflated glove.
1-15-16 Demo: Buoyancy of inflated glove.
1-16. Flowing Fluids
1-16-1 Flow rate.
1-16-2 Quiz: Velocity of water going downhill in a pipe.
1-16-3 Forces on water going downhill in a pipe.
1-16-4 Bernoulli's equation.
1-16-5 Quiz: Pressure in the small pipe.
1-16-6 Forces on water flowing from a large pipe into a small pipe.
1-16-7 Demo: Pressure in the small pipe.
1-16-8 Vascular flutter.
1-16-9 Demos: Flowing air has lower pressure.
1-17. Temperature and Thermal Expansion
1-17-1 Temperature.
1-17-2 Quiz: Thermal expansion of a hole.
1-17-3 Demo: Thermal expansion of a hole.
1-18. Ideal Gas
1-18-1 Ideal gas.
1-18-2 Quiz: Number of gas molecules in a jar.
1-18-3 Example of hot air balloon.
1-18-4 Quiz: What if we don't neglect volume of gandola and passengers?
1-18-5 Average kinetic energy of a gas molecule.
1-18-6 Quiz: Average kinetic energy of a gas molecule.
1-18-7 Average speed of a gas molecule.
1-19. Heat
1-19-1 Heat and specific heat.
1-19-2 Quiz: Specific heat of sand.
1-19-3 Specific heat of various materials.
1-19-4 Coming to thermal equilibrium.
1-19-5 Quiz: Final temperature of lead and water.
1-19-6 Latent heat.
1-19-7 Example: Put ice cube into container of water.
1-20. Work
1-20-1 Work done on a gas.
1-20-2 PV diagrams and rule for the sign of work.
1-20-3 Quiz: Work for process with constant volume.
1-20-4 Quiz: Work along paths a and b.
1-20-5 Quiz: Work along a path that ends where it began.
1-20-6 Revised rule for the sign of work.
1-21. First Law of Thermodynamics
1-21-1 First law of thermodynamics and internal energy.
1-21-2 Internal energy of an ideal gas.
1-21-3 Quiz: Compression at constant pressure.
1-21-4 Quiz: Increasing the pressure at constant volume.
1-21-5 Quiz: Adiabatic compression.
1-21-6 Demo: Fire syringe.
1-21-7 Demo: Adiabatic compression and expansion.
1-21-8 Animation of adiabatic process.
1-21-9 Quiz: Free expansion.
1-21-10 Animation of free expansion.
1-21-11 Rules for free expansion.
1-21-12 Quiz: Isothermal compression.
1-21-13 Quiz: Cyclic process.
1-21-14 Review: Applying the rules to thermodynamic processes.
1-21-15 Example problem: Draw a PV diagram.
1-21-16 Example problem: Calculate the change in internal energy.
1-21-17 Quiz: Is the final temperature greater or less?
1-22. Second Law of Thermodynamics
1-22-1 Heat engine.
1-22-2 Heat pump.
1-22-3 Entropy and second law of thermodynamics.
1-22-4 Animation: 50 balls in a box.
1-22-5 YouTube: The smile.
1-22-6 Ratchet gear. (Ref.)
1-22-7 Quiz: Reversible process.
1-22-8 Quiz: Is friction reversible?
1-22-9 Maximum possible miles per gallon for a car.
1-23. Harmonic Motion
1-23-1 Demo: Spring constant and harmonic oscillation.
1-23-2 Circular motion and harmonic oscillation.
1-23-3 Quiz: Maximum acceleration in harmonic oscillation.
1-23-4 Demo: Oscillation of weight hanging on spring.
1-23-5 Quiz: Oscillation of weight hanging on spring on the Moon.
1-23-6 Pendulum.
1-23-7 Demo: Pendulum.
1-24. Waves and Sound
1-24-1 Demo: Velocity of wave on long spring.
1-24-2 Animation: Sine wave.
1-24-3 Sound waves.
1-24-4 Quiz: Speed of sound in Provo and in Los Angeles.
1-25. Intensity
1-25-1 Intensity.
1-25-2 Decibels.
1-25-3 Quiz: 20 dB louder.
1-25-4 Intensity of whisper, conversation, lawnmower.
1-25-5 Inverse square law.
1-25-6 Quiz: How far to change 80 dB to 60 dB?
1-25-7 How far to change 120 dB to 0 dB?
1-26. Doppler Effect
1-26-1 Animation: Doppler effect.
1-26-2 Ripple tank.
1-26-3 General rules.
1-26-4 Exact equations.
1-26-5 Demo: Doppler effect with moving speaker.
1-26-6 Doppler shift in music.
1-26-7 Bats (Ref.).
1-26-8 Speed radar.
1-26-9 Quiz: Changing the color of light.
1-26-10 Changing red light to green light.
1-26-11 Red shift of distant galaxies.
1-26-12 Record-breaking red shift (Ref.).
1-26-13 Detection of extrasolar planets.
1-27. Shock Waves
1-27-1 Animation: Shock waves: ray model.
1-27-2 Animation: Shock waves: wave model.
1-27-3 Quiz: What causes sonic booms?
1-27-4 Demo: Shock waves in water.
1-28. Standing Waves
1-28-1 Demo: Interference with two speakers.
1-28-2 Animation: Standing waves.
1-28-3 Quiz: Wavelength of a three-loop standing wave.
1-28-4 Harmonics and resonance.
1-28-5 Demo: Using a standing wave to find the velocity of the wave.
1-28-6 YouTube: Standing waves on a metal plate.
1-28-7 Quiz: Effect of tension on velocity of wave.
1-28-8 Quiz: Effect of tension on standing wave.
1-28-9 Demo: Standing waves on an elastic cord.
1-29. Standing Waves in Tubes
1-29-1 Standing waves in a tube.
1-29-2 Demo: Standing waves in a tube.
1-29-3 Standing waves in a tube closed at one end.
1-29-4 Meaning of n.
1-29-5 Demo: Standing waves in a tube closed at one end.
1-29-6 Demo: Measuring the speed of sound.
1-29-7 Standing waves in the ear canal (Ref.).
1-29-8 Singing tube.
1-30. Beats
1-30-1 Animation: Beats.
1-30-2 Demo: Beats from two oscillators.
1-31. Music
1-31-1 Quiz: Tuning a violin.
1-31-2 Quiz: Playing a violin.
1-31-3 The violin.
1-31-4
The equal-tempered scale.
1-31-5 Harmonics.
1-31-6 Demo: Hear the harmonics.
1-31-7
Demo: Hear the harmonics on a violin string.
1-31-8 Animation: Harmonics for a violin and a trumpet.
1-31-9 Quiz: Fundamental frequency of a violin tone.
1-31-10 Demo: Harmonics in a human voice.
1-31-11 Pipe organ.
1-31-12 Demo: Harmonics in a pipe organ.
1-31-13 Quiz: Frequency of open and closed pipes.
1-32. Review Questions
1-32-1 Quiz: Two balls launched.
1-32-2 Quiz: Real car traveling with constant velocity.
1-32-3 Quiz: Two men clasping hands.
1-32-4 Quiz: Graph of object's motion
1-32-5 Quiz: Multiflash photograph.
1-32-6 Quiz: Water flowing up a hill.
1-32-7
Quiz: Hot piece of metal in water.
1-32-8 Quiz: Qnet for heat engine.
1-32-9 Quiz: Doppler effect for light.
1-32-10 Quiz: Distance between nodes in a standing wave.
1-32-11 Quiz: Graph: Number of cars moving in the +x direction.
1-32-12 Quiz: Graph: Car with smallest speed
1-32-13 Quiz: Graph: Car moving in -x direction with constant speed.
1-32-14 Quiz: Graph: Number of cars experiencing zero net force.
1-32-15 Quiz: Direction of acceration at top of ball's path.
1-32-16 Quiz: Net work equal to change in kinetic energy?
Second Semester
2-1. Electric charge
2-1-1
Electric charge
2-1-2
Demo: Van de Graaff generator: lightning
2-1-3
Demo: Van de Graaff generator: Garfield's hair
2-1-4
Demo: Van de Graaff generator: pie tins
2-1-5
Demo: Fun fly stick
2-1-6
Force between positive charged insulator and uncharged metal
2-1-7
Quiz: Force between negative charged insulator and uncharged metal
2-1-8
Force between charged rod and uncharged insulator
2-1-9
Demo: Comb and piece of paper
2-1-10
Demo: Comb and aluminum can
2-1-11
Demo: Electric charge on tape
2-2. Coulomb's Law and Electric Fields
2-2-1
Coulomb's law
2-2-2
Quiz: Net force due to two positive charges
2-2-3
Quiz: Net force due to a positive and negative charge
2-2-4
Simulation: Electric field produced by a charge
(see PhET)
2-2-5
Force of electric field on a charge
2-2-6
Examples of force of electric field on a charge
2-2-7
Quiz: Electric field due to positive charge
2-2-8
Quiz: Electric field half-way between two positive charges
2-2-9
Quiz: Electric field between two positive charges but not half-way
2-2-10
Quiz: Net electric field due to two positive charges
2-2-11
Quiz: Net electric field due to a positive and negative charge
2-2-12
Electric field due to a point charge
2-2-13
Electric field inside a metal
2-3. Electric Potential
2-3-1
Potential energy
2-3-2
Quiz: Potential energy of a pair of like charges
2-3-3
Quiz: Potential energy of a pair of unlike charges
2-3-4
Quiz: Change in potential energy does not depend on path
2-3-5
Potential energy of two point charges
2-3-6
Electric potential
2-3-7
Simulation: Electric potential produced by a charge
(see PhET)
2-3-8
Quiz: Electric potential halfway between two positive charges
2-3-9
Quiz: Electric potential halfway between a positive and negative charge
2-3-10
Electric potential inside a metal
2-3-11
Batteries
2-3-12
Quiz: Electric potential at two ends of a wire
2-4. Capacitors
2-4-1
Quiz: Electric field in a capacitor
2-4-2
Quiz: Charges on a capacitor
2-4-3
Capacitance
2-4-4
Electric field between two plates of a capacitor is uniform.
2-4-5
Size of a capacitor
2-4-6
Capacitors in parallel
2-4-7
Capacitors in series
2-5. Electric Current and Resistors
2-5-1
Electric currents in a circuit
2-5-2
Drift velocity (Ref.)
2-5-3
Resistance
2-5-4
Simulation: Current in a circuit
(see PhET)
2-5-5
Light bulb
2-5-6
Electric fields in a wire carrying a current
2-5-7
Connecting a circuit to ground
2-5-8
Quiz: Safe to touch a wire in a circuit?
2-5-9
Resistors in series
2-5-10
Resistors in parallel
2-6. Kirchhoff's Rules
2-6-1
Loop rule.
2-6-2
Loop rule again.
2-6-3
Junction rule.
2-6-4
Example using Kirchhoff's rules for a circuit. Part a: Assigning currents
2-6-5
Example using Kirchhoff's rules for a circuit. Part b: Junction rule
2-6-6
Example using Kirchhoff's rules for a circuit. Part c: Loop rule
2-6-7
Two useful rules for using the loop rule
2-6-8
Quiz: Loop rule
2-6-9
Quiz: Junction rule
2-7. RC Circuit
2-7-1
Charging a capacitor in an RC circuit
2-7-2
Quiz: RC circuit
2-7-3
Discharging a capacitor in an RC circuit
2-7-4
Demo: RC circuit
2-7-5
Equations for an RC circuit
2-8. Light Bulbs
2-8-1
Quiz: What happens to the brightness of light bulb A?
2-8-2
Quiz: Rank the brightness of each light bulb.
2-8-3
Quiz: Rank the brightness of each light bulb again.
2-8-4
Quiz: What happens to the brightness of light bulb A? A more difficult example
2-8-5
Detailed calculation for the circuit in the previous two quizzes
2-9. Magnetic Fields and Force
2-9-1
Magnetic field from a bar magnet
2-9-2
Bar magnet in a magnetic field
2-9-3
Magnets attract and repel each other
2-9-4
Magnetic field produced by a horseshoe magnet
2-9-5
Force of magnetic field on a moving charge (Ref.)
2-9-6
Quiz: Force of magnetic field on a beam of electrons
2-9-7
Demo: Force of magnetic field on a beam of electrons
2-9-8
Quiz: Force of magnetic field on an electric current
2-9-9
Demo: Force of magnetic field on an electric current
2-9-10
Simple electric motor
2-9-11
Demo: Simple electric motor
2-9-12
Quiz: Force of magnetic field on drifting Na ion
2-9-13
Quiz: Force of magnetic field on drifting Cl ion
2-9-14
Ion engine
2-9-15
Demo: Ion engine
2-9-16
Quiz: Centripetal force of magnetic field on moving charge
2-10. Current Loops
2-10-1
Demo: Magnetic field produced by current and detected with a compass
(Ref.).
2-10-2
Quiz: Magnetic field produced by an electric current
2-10-3
Demo: Two parallel wires attract and repel each other
2-10-4
Current loops
2-10-5
Quiz: Magnetic field produced by a loop of electric current
2-10-6
Side view of current loop and right-hand rule (Ref.)
2-10-7
Magnetic materials
2-10-8
Demo: Bolts hanging from a magnet
2-11. Induced Current
2-11-1
Demo: Induced emf
2-11-2
Lenz's law
2-11-3
Explain demo of Lenz's law
2-11-4
Demo: Lenz's law
2-11-5
Quiz: Current induced in loop due to pulling magnetic out of loop
2-11-6
Quiz: Current induced in loop due to pulling magnetic out of loop in the other direction
2-11-7
Demo: Pull out a magnet in both directions
2-11-8
Demo: Move the coil instead of the magnet
2-11-9
Forces due to Lenz's law
2-11-10
Demo: Magnet falling down a conducting tube
2-11-11
Quiz: Emf induced by changing magnetic field
2-11-12
Faraday's law and magnetic flux
2-11-13
Magnetic flux due to bar magnet
2-11-14
Quiz: Motional emf
2-12. Inductors
2-12-1
Inductors
2-12-2
Quiz: Close switch in LR circuit
2-12-3
Simulation of LR circuit
(see PhET)
2-12-4
Quiz: Plot voltage across L for an LR circuit
2-12-5
Opening the switch in an LR circuit
2-13. AC Circuits
2-13-1
AC circuits
2-13-2
Reactance of capacitor and inductor
2-13-3
Quiz: AC current through a capacitor
2-13-4
Circuit with R, L, and C in series
2-13-5
A simple example
2-13-6
Another simple example
2-13-7
Resonance
2-14. Transformers
2-14-1
Quiz: Changing current in loop A induces current in loop B
2-14-2
Demo: Transformer
2-14-3
Demo: Playing music through a transformer
2-14-4
Transformers
2-14-5
Quiz: Current in secondary coil of transformer
2-14-6
Transmission of electrical power
2-14-7
Demo: Light bulb and transformer
2-14-8
Demo: Ring tosser
2-15. Electromagnetic Waves
2-15-1
Maxwell's equations
2-15-2
Electromagnetic waves
2-15-3
Spectrum of electromagnetic waves
2-16. Reflection and Refraction
2-16-1
Refraction simulation (See Refract)
2-16-2
Index of refraction
2-16-3
Snell's law
2-16-4
Trigonometry
2-16-5
Quiz: Direction light is bent going from air into glass
2-16-6
Quiz: Direction light is bent going from glass into air
2-16-7
Quiz: Direction light is bent going from a glass prism into air
2-16-8
Quiz: Direction light is bent going from air into a glass prism
2-16-9
Quiz: Which color of light bends the most as it leaves a glass prism?
2-16-10
Demo: Refraction of white light
2-16-11
Man sitting in water (Ref.).
2-16-12
Total internal reflection
2-16-13
Total internal reflection from a window in a diving pool
2-16-14
Demo: Total internal reflection
2-16-15
Quiz: At what time does a fish see the sun set?
2-16-16
Concave mirror
2-16-17
Convex mirror
2-16-18
Converging lens
2-16-19
Light bulb at focal point of converging lens
2-16-20
Demo: Light bulb at focal point of converging lens
2-16-21
Diverging lens
2-17. Images of Mirrors and Lenses
2-17-1
Images from a plane mirror
2-17-2
Producing a real image with a concave mirror
2-17-3
Ray diagrams for a concave mirror
2-17-4
Example of a ray diagram for a concave mirror producing a real image
2-17-5
Mirror equation
2-17-6
Demo: Real image from mirror
2-17-7
Demo: Illusive dollar
2-17-8
Example of a ray diagram for a concave mirror producing a virtual image
2-17-9
Ray diagrams for a convex mirror
2-17-10
Example of a ray diagram for a convex mirror producing a virtual image
2-17-11
Quiz: What type of mirror is it?
2-17-12
Ray diagrams for a converging lens
2-17-13
Example of a ray diagram for a converging lens producing a real image
2-17-14
Quiz: What happens to the image if we cover up the top half of the lens?
2-17-15
Demo: Real image from lens
2-17-16
Example of a ray diagram for a converging lens producing a virtual image
2-17-17
Ray diagrams for a diverging lens
2-17-18
Example of a ray diagram for a diverging lens producing a virtual image
2-17-19
Quiz: Is the image of the space needle real or virtual?
(Ref.)
2-17-20
Demo: Real and virtual images
2-18. Double Slits and Diffraction Gratings
2-18-1
Light passing through a slit spreads out
2-18-2
Demo: Two-wave model for double-slit interference
2-18-3
Interference of light from two slits
2-18-4
The double-slit interference equation
2-18-5
Demo: Illustrating double slit interference
2-18-6
Quiz: Increase the separation of two slits
2-18-7
Quiz: Decrease the wavelength of the light passing through two slits
2-18-8
Quiz: Orientation of a double-slit interference pattern
2-18-9
Demo: Double-slit interference
2-18-10
Demo: Calculation of d for a double slit
2-18-11
Diffraction grating
2-18-12
Demo: Diffraction grating
2-18-13
Demo: Calculation of d for a diffraction grating
2-18-14
Spectroscope
2-18-15
Demo: Separating light into colors using a diffraction grating
2-19. Thin Films
2-19-1
Reflected wave inverted or noninverted
2-19-2
Quiz: Reflection from a film of air between two plates of glass
2-19-3
Interference of waves reflected from a film of air between two plates of glass
2-19-4
Interference of waves reflected from a film of soapy water
2-19-5
Demo: Interference of waves reflected from a film of soapy water
2-19-6
Quiz: Reflection from a film of MgF2 on glass
2-19-7
Quiz: Interference of waves reflected from a film of MgF2 on glass
2-19-8
Interference of waves reflected from a film of MgF2 on glass
2-20. Single Slits
2-20-1
Interference of waves passing through a single slit
2-20-2
Quiz: Use a narrower slit
2-20-3
Quiz: Use light with a shorter wavelength.
2-20-4
Demo: Diffraction of light through a single slit
2-20-5
Demo: Calculation of width of single slit
2-21. Camera and Eye
2-21-1
Camera
2-21-2
Quiz: Camera focuses on closer object
2-21-3
Projector
2-21-4
Quiz: Move the projector closer to the screen
2-21-5
Eye (Ref.)
2-21-6
Quiz: Eye focuses on closer object
2-21-7
Accommodation
2-21-8
Near-sighted
2-21-9
Quiz: Corrective lens for a near-sighted eye
2-21-10
Quiz: Reading glasses
2-21-11
Virtual images from diverging and converging lenses
2-21-12
Apparent size
2-22. Optical Instruments and Resolution
2-22-1
Converging lens for distance object and for object near focal point
2-22-2
Simple magnifier
2-22-3
Microscope
2-22-4
Quiz: Magnification of a microscope
2-22-5
Telescope
2-22-6
Quiz: Size of image relative to object for a telescope
2-22-7
Quiz: Magnification of a telescope
2-22-8
Demo: Telescope
2-22-9
Diffraction from a round hole
2-22-10
Resolution
2-22-11
Simulation of Rayleigh criterion (See Rayleigh)
2-22-12
Resolving power of the eye (pdf file)
2-22-13
Quiz: Resolving power of a telescope
2-22-14
Resolving power of the Hubble Space Telescope
2-23. Polarized Light
2-23-1
Polarized light
2-23-2
Polaroid
2-23-3
Simulation of polarizers (See Polarize)
2-23-4
Demo: Polarizers
2-23-5
Producing electromagnetic waves with an oscillating charge
2-23-6
Quiz: Communication with radio antennas
2-23-7
Reflection from a surface
2-23-8
Quiz: Polaroid sunglasses
2-23-9
Photograph taken looking through Polaroid sunglasses
2-23-10
Demo: Polarization of reflected light
2-24. Relativity
2-24-1
Relative velocity
2-24-2
Einstein's reasoning
2-24-3
Relative velocity of Henry and a beam of light
2-24-4
Moving clocks run slow.
2-24-5
Time itself is slower in a moving reference frame.
2-24-6
Equation describing time dilation
2-24-7
Evidence for time dilation
2-24-8
Quiz: Travel to a distant star
2-24-9
Length contraction
2-24-10
Albert and Henry both perceive each other's clock to be slow and meter stick
to be short
See A Simple Experiment in Relativity
2-24-11
Twin paradox
See The Twin Paradox
2-24-12
Barn paradox
2-24-13
Sending messages to the Earth and to the star
2-24-14
Quiz: Does the Earth or the star receive the message first?
2-24-15
Relativistic momentum
2-24-16
Quiz: What happens to acceleration as an object approaches the speed of light?
2-24-17
Electron volts
2-24-18
Relativistic kinetic energy
2-24-19
Rest energy
2-24-20
Quiz: Which particle is moving at a relativistic speed?
2-24-21
General relativity and the equivalence principle
2-24-22
Equivalence principle applied to a bullet
2-24-23
Equivalence principle applied to a beam of light
2-24-24
Verification of Einstein's theory of general relativity
2-24-25
Gravitational lens
2-24-26
Inertial frame of reference
2-24-27
Quiz: Is the space shuttle in an inertial frame of reference?
2-25. Photons
2-25-1
Photoelectric effect
2-25-2
Photoelectric effect with some numbers
2-25-3
Quiz: Which kind of radiation is more likely to knock out electrons?
2-25-4
Demo: Photoelectric effect
2-25-5
Compton effect
2-25-6
Quiz: Which electron is knocked out with more energy?
2-25-7
Quiz: Which scattered photon has a longer wavelength?
2-25-8
Simulation of photons passing through a double slit
(See Twoslit (photons))
2-25-9
Experimental data: photons passing through a double slit
(Ref.)
2-25-10
Picture of a photon
2-25-11
Wavelength of an electron
2-25-12
Simulation of electrons passing through a double slit
(See Twoslit (electrons))
2-25-13
Experimental data: electrons passing through a double slit
(Ref.)
2-25-14
Quiz: Double-slit interference pattern for electrons
2-26. Quantum Mechanics and Atoms
2-26-1
Wave functions
2-26-2
Wave packets and uncertainty principle
2-26-3
Using a microscope to determine an object's position
2-26-4
Zero-point motion at absolute zero temperature
2-26-5
Wave functions in the hydrogen atom
2-26-6
Atomic energy levels and the exclusion principle
2-26-7
Transitions of electrons between atomic energy levels
2-26-8
Quiz: Which transition emits blue light?
2-26-9
Energy levels in the hydrogen atom
2-26-10
Energy levels in the neon atom
2-26-11
Demo: Spectrum of hydrogen and neon
2-26-12
Demo: Atomic spectra viewed through a diffraction grating
2-27. Atomic Nuclei and Half-Life
2-27-1
Atomic nucleus
2-27-2
Strong force and stability of nucleus
(Ref.)
2-27-3
Quiz: Potential energy of proton and neutron in deuterium.
2-27-4
Quiz: Mass of the deuterium nucleus
2-27-5
Mass of deuterium nucleus and binding energy
(Ref.)
2-27-6
Decay of unstable nuclei
2-27-7
Demo: Geiger counter
2-27-8
Quiz: How many half-lives until 1 beta particle/sec is emitted?
2-27-9
Quiz: How many iodine-128 nuclei remain after 79 half-lives?
2-27-10
Large and small half-lives
2-28. Nuclear Decay and Reactions
2-28-1
Alpha decay
2-28-2
Quiz: Mass lost or gained in alpha decay?
2-28-3
Beta decay
2-28-4
Neutrinos
2-28-5
Positrons
2-28-6
Gamma decay
2-28-7
Quiz: Which kind of radiation is not deflected by a magnetic field?
2-28-8
Nuclear reactions
2-28-9
Quiz: Do the products have more mass or less mass?
2-28-10
Carbon dating
2-29. Nuclear Power and Ionizing Radiation
2-29-1
Fission and fusion
(Ref.)
2-29-2
Quiz: How does binding energy affect nuclear mass?
2-29-3
Fission and chain reactions
2-29-4
Demo: Chain reaction
2-29-5
Fusion
2-29-6
Ionizing radiation and the Sievert
2-29-7
News release about effects of low levels of ionizing radiation
2-29-8
Hereditary health effects of radiation
2-29-9
Risk of death due to cancer
2-29-10
Quiz: Risk of death due to 0.1 Sv
2-29-11
Quiz: A thousand people: how many will die from 0.1 Sv?
2-29-12
Quiz: A million people: how many will die from 0.1 mSv?
2-29-13
Quiz: 300 million people: how many will die from 0.2 Sv?
2-29-14
Dose from background, dental x ray, and chest CT scan
2-29-15
Doses from nuclear power plant accidents
2-30. Semiconductors
2-30-1
Semiconductors in our lives
2-30-2
Silicon
2-30-3
Donor atoms
2-30-4
Quiz: Charge of a donor atom
2-30-5
n-type semiconductor
2-30-6
Acceptor atoms
2-30-7
Quiz: Charge of an acceptor atom
2-30-8
p-type semiconductor
2-30-9
p-n junction
2-30-10
Quiz: Force of electric field on election and hole
2-30-11
Electric field keeps electrons and hole out of depletion layer
2-30-12
Diodes
2-30-13
Solar cells
2-30-14
Light emitting diodes
2-30-15
Demo: LED traffice light
2-30-16
Demo: LED light bulb
2-31. Lasers
2-31-1
Lasers are bright.
2-31-2
Demo: The spectrum of laser light.
2-31-3
Demo: Fluorescence.
2-31-4
Lasers are bright.
2-31-5
Stimulated emission
2-31-6
How a laser works
2-31-7
Ruby laser
2-31-8
Quiz: Which state is metastable?
2-31-9
He-Ne laser
2-31-10
Quiz: Which state is metastable?
2-31-11
Diode laser
2-32. Superconductors
2-32-1
Zero resistance
2-32-2
Levitation
2-32-3
Demo: Levitation
2-32-4
BCS theory and Cooper pairs
2-32-5
Critical field
2-32-6
Superconducting magnets
2-32-7
The search for higher critical temperatures
2-33. Particle Physics
2-33-1
Four fundamental forces of nature
2-33-2
Carrier particle of a force
2-33-3
Uncertainty principle and range of force
2-33-4
Electromagnetic and gravitational forces
2-33-5
Quiz: Relation between mass of carrier particle and its range
2-33-6
Weak force
2-33-7
Accelerators
2-33-8
Quarks
(Ref.)
References
As noted below, I don't know where I found
some of the figures I used in my lectures. If anyone
recognizes any of them, please let me know. I would
gladly give proper credit.
1-1-10. Graph of the velocity of an accelerating
Mini Cooper is from
The Physics Teacher, March 2009,
p. 137.
1-1-24,1-1-31. Figure of the golf swing is from https://www.pinterest.com/kevenbehboody/golf/,
1-2-11,1-2-12. Video of the
football pass was provided courtesy of the BYU TV station.
1-3-12. Figure of the cross walk is from
The Physics Teacher, April 200,
p. 231.
1-4-12. Figure of student in the Vomet Comet
is from one of the issues of The Physics Teacher.
1-4-16. Figure of bicycle wheel is from one
of the issues of The Physics Teacher
1-4-24. Figure of block and tackle is from
the internet somewhere.
1-5-14. Video of pole vaulter is from the
internet somewhere. Figure of the annual pole-vaulting records
is from J. Jewett, Physics Begins with an M:
Mysteries, Magic and Myth, p. 69.
1-10-8. Figure of the broom is one
of Paul Hewitt's drawings.
1-10-15. I don't know where I obtained
the figure of the foot.
1-10-21. The figure of the highway sign is from the
internet somewhere.
1-10-23. Graph of vehicle roll-overs is from
The Physics Teacher, February 2004,
p. 90.
1-22-6. The figure of the ratchet gear is from the
internet somewhere.
1-26-7. Graph of the threshold of hearing
of a bat is from
J. F. R. Hallett, Physics for the
Biological Sciences, 4th Edition (Cengage 2003), p 13.
1-26-12. Figure from the Hubble Space Telescope
is from
HubbleSite NewsCenter, January 26, 2011.
1-29-7. The figure of the ear is from R. A. Serway and C. Vuille, College Physics,
9th Edition (Cengage, 2012), p. 502.
2-5-2. The video of falling marbles is from
The Video Encyclopedia of Physics Demonstrations.
2-9-5. Figure of the right-hand rule is from
R. A. Serway, College Physics,
8th Edition (Cengage, 2009), p. 631.
2-10-1. Figure of the right-hand rule is from
R. A. Serway, College Physics,
8th Edition (Cengage, 2009), p. 642.
2-10-6. Figure of the right-hand rule
is composite of figures from
R. A. Serway, College Physics,
8th Edition (Cengage, 2009), pp. 642, 647.
2-16-11. Figure of the man sitting in a tank
of water is from
The Physics Teacher, November 2012,
p. 501.
The Physics Teacher, November 1998,
front cover.
2-21-5. I don't know where I got the figure
of the eye.
2-25-9. Figure showing the interference
pattern from photons passing through a double slit is from some
textbook.
2-25-13. Figure showing the interference
pattern from electrons passing through a double slit is from some
textbook.
2-27-2 Graph of the stable nuclei is from
R. A. Serway, College Physics,
8th Edition (Cengage, 2009), p. 915.
2-27-5. Graph of binding energies is from
R. A. Serway, College Physics,
8th Edition (Cengage, 2009), p. 917.
2-33-8. All figures are from P. P. Urone and
R. Hinrichs, College Physics (OpenStax, Rice University, 2017), pp. 1328, 1332,
1333, 1318.