Stokes Lecture Clips on Physics

Two-Semester Course in Algebra-Based Introductory Physics
Harold T. Stokes, Brigham Young University
2013

I produced these clips while teaching Physics 105 and 106 at BYU. Most of these clips are not polished presentations. I made them so that students could review the material discussed in class.

You may use these clips for education purposes. If you want to put links to these clips on a webpage, you may provide links to individual clips if you wish.

First Semester
1-1. One-Dimensional Motion
1-2. Two-Dimensional Motion
1-3. Relative Velocity and Newton's Laws
1-4. Newton's 2nd Law, Free-Body Diagrams, Ropes, and Pulleys
1-5. Scales, Friction, and Tug-of-War
1-6. More Free-Body Diagrams, ropes and pulleys
1-7. Energy
1-8. Momentum
1-9. Circular Motion and Centripetal Acceleration
1-10. Gravity and Torque
1-11. Moment of Inertia and Angular Acceleration
1-12. Rotational Kinetic Energy and Angular Momentum
1-13. More Examples
1-14. Density, Pressure, and Buoyancy
1-15. Buoyancy and Flowing Fluids
1-16. Temperature, Thermal Expansion, Ideal Gas, and Heat
1-17. Latent Heat, Work, First Law of Thermodynamics
1-18. First Law, Second Law, and Entropy
1-19. Harmonic Motion, Springs, Pendulums, Waves, Sound
1-20. Intensity and Doppler Effect
1-21. Shock Waves and Standing Waves
1-22. Standing Waves in Tubes and Beats
1-23. Music
1-24. More Examples
1-25. Review Questions

Second Semester
2-1. Electric charge
2-2. Coulomb's Law and Electric Fields
2-3. Electric Potential and Capacitors
2-4. Electric Current and Resistors
2-5. Kirchhoff's Rules and RC Circuit
2-6. Light Bulbs
2-7. Magnetic Fields and Force
2-8. Current Loops and Induced Current
2-9. Inductors
2-10. AC Circuits and Transformers
2-11. Electrical Safety and Electromagnetic Waves
2-12. Reflection and Refraction
2-13. Images of Mirrors and Lenses
2-14. Double Slits and Diffraction Gratings
2-15. Thin Films and Single Slits
2-16. Camera and Eye
2-17. Optical Instruments and Resolution
2-18. Polarized Light
2-19. Relativity: Time Dilation, Length Contraction, and Simultaneous Events
2-20. Relativity: Momentum, Energy, and Gravity
2-21. Photons
2-22. Quantum Mechanics and Atoms
2-23. Atomic Nuclei and Half-Life
2-24. Nuclear Decay and Reactions
2-25. Nuclear Power and Ionizing Radiation
2-26. Lasers
2-27. Superconductors

References

First Semester

1-1. One-Dimensional Motion
1-1-1 Plot x vs t for an object moving from left to right.
1-1-2 Plot x vs t for an object moving from right to left and back again.
1-1-3 Velocity.
1-1-4 Quiz: Which object is moving faster?
1-1-5 Velocity is slope of line in x-vs-t graph.
1-1-6 Plot x vs t for an automobile going from 0 to 60 mph.
1-1-7 Acceleration.
1-1-8 Negative acceleration.
1-1-9 Plot v vs t for an automobile going from 0 to 60 mph.
1-1-10 Acceleration of a Mini Cooper (Ref.).
1-1-11 Plot v vs t for an object moving from left to right and back again.
1-1-12 Quiz: Is the object speeding up or slowing down? (case 1)
1-1-13 Quiz: Is the object speeding up or slowing down? (case 2)
1-1-14 Rule for determining whether an object is speeding up or slowing down.
1-1-15 Plot a vs t for an object moving from left to right.

1-2. Two-Dimensional Motion
1-2-1 Quiz: Is object in free fall on the way up or on the way down?
1-2-2 Quiz: Do falling drops get closer together or farther apart?
1-2-3 Plot motion of an object thrown up into the air.
1-2-4 All objects fall with the same acceleration.
1-2-5 Vector addition.
1-2-6 Quiz: Vector addition.
1-2-7 Vector components.
1-2-8 Trigonometry.
1-2-9 Exercise: Find components of vector.
1-2-10 Exercise: Find components of another vector.
1-2-11 Projectile motion.
1-2-12. Baseball simulation.
1-2-13 Quiz: Where does the ball have a minimum speed?
1-2-14 Plots of baseball simulation.

1-3. Relative Velocity and Newton's Laws
1-3-1 Boat crossing a river.
1-3-2 Boat crossing a river again.
1-3-3 Quiz: First law.
1-3-4 Quiz: Inertia of a moving object.
1-3-5 Quiz: Inertia of a car on the moon.
1-3-6 Weight versus inertia.
1-3-7 Inertia of a hammer.
1-3-8 Quiz: Inertia of a block sliding on a pipe.
1-3-9 Quiz: Inertia of a hanging weight.
1-3-10 Zero net force.
1-3-11 Quiz: Car going up a hill at constant velocity.
1-3-12 Demo: Third law.
1-3-13 Table pushes back.
1-3-14 Cars pushing back on pavement (Ref.).

1-4. Newton's 2nd Law, Free-Body Diagrams, Ropes, and Pulleys
1-4-1 Demo: Projectile motion.
1-4-2 2nd law and weight.
1-4-3 Example: Pushing a cart up a hill.
1-4-4 Review of Newton's 3rd law.
1-4-5 Quiz: Are two forces acting on two ends of a rope equal because of Newton's 3rd Law?
1-4-6 Quiz: Tension in a string passing through a pulley.
1-4-7 Demo: Tension in a string passing through a pulley.
1-4-8 Example: Object on table and hanging object connected with a string.
1-4-9 Quiz: Tension in a string connected to a falling weight.

1-5. Scales, Friction, and Tug-of-War
1-5-1 Normal force of floor on standing person
1-5-2 Quiz: Are the normal force and gravitational force a third-law pair?
1-5-3 What does a scale actually measure?
1-5-4 Inside an accelerating elevator. (Ref.)
1-5-5 Demo: Kinetic and static friction.
1-5-6 Kinetic and static friction.
1-5-7 Block sliding down a hill.
1-5-8 Quiz: Direction of friction for a car speeding up. (Ref.)
1-5-9 Quiz: Direction of friction for a car slowing down.
1-5-10 Car stopping as fast as it can.
1-5-11 Quiz: In tug-of-war, which team is pulling on the rope with more force?
1-5-12 Tug-of-war.

1-6. More Free-Body Diagrams, ropes and pulleys
1-6-1 Set up homework problem 4-3.
1-6-2 Set up homework problem 4-4.
1-6-3 Pull down on the middle of a tight rope.
1-6-4 Lifting heavy weights with a pulley. (Ref.)
1-6-5 Demo: Lifting heavy weights with a pulley.
1-6-6 Demo: One girl versus four boys using pulleys.
1-6-7 Pushing two blocks.
1-6-8 Quiz: Pushing two blocks.
1-6-9 Quiz: Two objects hanging from a pulley.
1-6-10 Two objects hanging from a pulley.

1-7. Energy
1-7-1 Kinetic energy and work.
1-7-2 Work done by a force acting at an angle.
1-7-3 Work done by friction.
1-7-4 Work done by more than one force.
1-7-5 Quiz: Work done by gravity when I lift an object.
1-7-6 Quiz: Work done by an object on my hand when I lift it.
1-7-7 Quiz: Work done by a normal force on a cart rolling down a hill.
1-7-8 Work done by gravity on a falling object.
1-7-9 Work done by gravity on an object sliding down a hill.
1-7-10 Conservative forces, potential energy, and conservation of mechanical energy.
1-7-11 Throw an object up into the air: changes in kinetic and potential energies.
1-7-12 Demo: Springs.
1-7-13 Potential energy of a spring.
1-7-14 Video: Analysis of a pole vault (Ref.).
1-7-15 Maximum achievable height for a pole vault.

1-8. Momentum
1-8-1 Flow of energy during a bungee jump.
1-8-2 Graph of energy during a bungee jump.
1-8-3 Calculation of the height of a bungee jump.
1-8-4 Momentum and impulse.
1-8-5 Quiz: Impulse on a bullet and a gun.
1-8-6 Conservation of momentum.
1-8-7 Quiz: Conservation of momentum for Earth in orbit around the Sun.
1-8-8 Elastic and inelastic collisions.
1-8-9 Momentum after an inelastic collision between a ping pong ball and a bowling ball.
1-8-10 Elastic collision between two object with the same mass.
1-8-11 Demo: Newton's cradle.
1-8-12 Elastic collision between a small and large object.
1-8-13 Quiz: Momentum of bowling ball after an elastic collision with a ping pong ball.
1-8-14 Quiz: Which ball will knock down the board?
1-8-15 Demo: Which ball will knock down the board?
1-8-16 Quiz: Change of momentum in collision of ball with Earth.

1-9. Circular Motion and Centripetal Acceleration
1-9-1 Circular motion.
1-9-2 Plot of angle of Earth as it orbits and Sun.
1-9-3 Plots of Wheel of Fortune.
1-9-4 Quiz: Which horse on the merry-go-round has the greatest angular velocity?
1-9-5 Distance, velocity, and acceleration for a point on a rotating rigid body.
1-9-6 Three kinds of acceleration.
1-9-7 Acceleration of an object going in a circle.
1-9-8 Quiz: Direction of acceleration of ball on a string.
1-9-9 Free-body diagram of ball on a string.
1-9-10 Demo: Flying pig.
1-9-11 Tangential and cetripetal acceleration.
1-9-12 Quiz: Acceleration of a pendulum bob at the bottom of the swing.
1-9-13 Quiz: Acceleration of a pendulum bob at the top of the swing.
1-9-14 Quiz: Acceleration of a pendulum bob half-way down.
1-9-15 Quiz: Acceleration of a pendulum bob half-way up.
1-9-16 Pendulum simulation.

1-10. Gravity and Torque
1-10-1 Law of gravity.
1-10-2 Orbits.
1-10-3 Velocity of object in orbit.
1-10-4 Quiz: Potential energy of a comet.
1-10-5 Quiz: Kinetic energy of a comet.
1-10-6 Torque.
1-10-7 Demo: Torque on a door.
1-10-8 Demo: Torque on a rod.
1-10-9 Demo: Forces on two ends of a hanging meter stick.
1-10-10 Quiz: Forces on two ends of a hanging meter stick.
1-10-11 Analysis of forces on two ends of a hanging meter stick.
1-10-12 Quiz: Torques on a seesaw.
1-10-13 Quiz: Torques on a broom. (Ref.)
1-10-14 Demo: Balancing a box on one hand.
1-10-15 Center of gravity.
1-10-16 Method 1 for calculating the torque when the force is not perpendicular to the lever arm.
1-10-17 Method 2 for calculating the torque when the force is not perpendicular to the lever arm.
1-10-18 Net torque on a beam.

1-11. Moment of Inertia and Angular Acceleration
1-11-1 Moment of inertia.
1-11-2 Demo: Rotating rod.
1-11-3 Demo: Rotating two rods with different moments of inertia.
1-11-4 Moment of inertia of hollow and solid cylinders.
1-11-5 Quiz: Downhill race between a hollow and a solid cylinder.
1-11-6 Demo: Downhill race between a hollow and a solid cylinder.
1-11-7 Quiz: About which axis is the moment of inertia greater?
1-11-8 Quiz: Which tension is greater?
1-11-9 Free-body diagram of pulley.
1-11-10 Rolling without slipping.
1-11-11 Quiz: Which direction is friction on a rolling object?
1-11-12 Free-body diagram of an object rolling downhill.

1-12. Rotational Kinetic Energy and Angular Momentum
1-12-1 Rotational kinetic energy.
1-12-2 Object rolling down a hill.
1-12-3 Quiz: Downhill race between a billiard ball and a bowling ball.
1-12-4 Demo: Downhill races.
1-12-5 Angular momentum.
1-12-6 Demo: Shorten the radius of the circular motion of a ball.
1-12-7 Demo: Angular momentum of an object moving in a straight line.
1-12-8 Demo: Student on rotating chair with weights in his hands.
1-12-9 Quiz: What happens to the angular momentum when the weights are pulled in?
1-12-10 Quiz: What happens to the rotational kinetic energy when the weights are pulled in?
1-12-11 Demo: Student on rotating chair with wheel first rotating about a horizontal axis.
1-12-12 Quiz: What happens when the student on a rotating chair begins with the wheel rotating about a vertical axis?
1-12-13 Demo: Student on rotating chair with wheel first rotating about a vertical axis.
1-12-14 Demo: Student standing on a rotating platform.

1-13. More Examples
1-13-1 Graph of pendulum motion.
1-13-2 The foot. (Ref.)
1-13-3 Quiz: Forces on the foot.
1-13-4 Calculate the forces on the foot.
1-13-5 Standing on tip-toes.
1-13-6 Quiz: Force of friction on a turning car.
1-13-7 Maximum velocity of turning a car without sliding.
1-13-8 Quiz: Is the normal force greater on inside or outside tires of a car during a turn? (Ref.)
1-13-9 Maximum velocity of turning a car without rolling.
1-13-10 Static stability factor (Ref.).

1-14. Density, Pressure, and Buoyancy
1-14-1 Density and Pressure.
1-14-2 Demo: Crushing a can.
1-14-3 Demo: Pulling apart two hemispheres.
1-14-4 Demo: Ping pong cannon.
1-14-5 Pressure in a liquid.
1-14-6 Quiz: Pressure in a lake and in a swimming pool.
1-14-7 Quiz: Pressure at the bottom of two containers.
1-14-8 Pressure at the bottom of a dam.
1-14-9 Buoyant force on an object.
1-14-10 Quiz: What does the buoyant force depend on?
1-14-11 Buoyant force on steel and wooden objects.
1-14-12 Archimede's principle.
1-14-13 Buoyant force on a floating object.
1-14-14 Quiz: Buoyant force on rowboat.
1-14-15 Quiz: What happens when the ice cube melts?
1-14-16 Demo: Changing lead to gold.

1-15. Buoyancy and Flowing Fluids
1-15-1 Cartesian diver.
1-15-2 Demo: Cartesian diver.
1-15-3 Quiz: Dip finger into beaker of water.
1-15-4 Demo: Dip finger into beaker of water.
1-15-5 Quiz: Hanging weight in water.
1-15-6 Buoyancy of air.
1-15-7 Quiz: Buoyancy of inflated glove.
1-15-8 Demo: Buoyancy of inflated glove.
1-15-9 Flow rate.
1-15-10 Quiz: Velocity of water going downhill in a pipe.
1-15-11 Forces on water going downhill in a pipe.
1-15-12 Bernoulli's equation.
1-15-13 Quiz: Pressure in the small pipe.
1-15-14 Forces on water flowing from a large pipe into a small pipe.
1-15-15 Demo: Pressure in the small pipe.
1-15-16 Vascular flutter.
1-15-17 Demos: Flowing air has lower pressure.

1-16. Temperature, Thermal Expansion, Ideal Gas, and Heat
1-16-1 Temperature.
1-16-2 Quiz: Thermal expansion of a hole.
1-16-3 Demo: Thermal expansion of a hole.
1-16-4 Ideal gas.
1-16-5 Quiz: Number of gas molecules in a jar.
1-16-6 Average kinetic energy of a gas molecule.
1-16-7 Quiz: Average kinetic energy of a gas molecule.
1-16-8 Average speed of a gas molecule.
1-16-9 Heat and specific heat.
1-16-10 Quiz: Specific heat of sand.
1-16-11 Specific heat of various materials.
1-16-12 Coming to thermal equilibrium.
1-16-13 Quiz: Final temperature of lead and water.

1-17. Latent Heat, Work, First Law of Thermodynamics
1-17-1 Latent heat.
1-17-2 Example: Put ice cube into container of water.
1-17-3 Work done on a gas.
1-17-4 PV diagrams and rule for the sign of work.
1-17-5 Quiz: Work for process with constant volume.
1-17-6 Quiz: Work along paths a and b.
1-17-7 Quiz: Work along a path that ends where it began.
1-17-8 Revised rule for the sign of work.
1-17-9 First law of thermodynamics and internal energy.
1-17-10 Internal energy of an ideal gas.
1-17-11 Quiz: Compression at constant pressure.
1-17-12 Quiz: Increasing the pressure at constant volume.
1-17-13 Quiz: Adiabatic compression.
1-17-14 Demo: Fire syringe.
1-17-15 Demo: Adiabatic compression and expansion.

1-18. First Law, Second Law, and Entropy
1-18-1 Animation of adiabatic process.
1-18-2 Quiz: Free expansion.
1-18-3 Animation of free expansion.
1-18-4 Rules for free expansion.
1-18-5 Quiz: Isothermal compression.
1-18-6 Quiz: Cyclic process.
1-18-7 Review: Applying the rules to thermodynamic processes.
1-18-8 Heat engine.
1-18-9 Heat pump.
1-18-10 Entropy and second law of thermodynamics.
1-18-11 Animation: 50 balls in a box.
1-18-12 Animation: The smile.
1-18-13 Ratchet gear. (Ref.)
1-18-14 Quiz: Reversible process.
1-18-15 Quiz: Is friction reversible?

1-19. Harmonic Motion, Springs, Pendulums, Waves, Sound
1-19-1 Demo: Spring constant and harmonic oscillation.
1-19-2 Circular motion and harmonic oscillation.
1-19-3 Quiz: Maximum acceleration in harmonic oscillation.
1-19-4 Demo: Oscillation of weight hanging on spring.
1-19-5 Quiz: Oscillation of weight hanging on spring on the Moon.
1-19-6 Pendulum.
1-19-7 Demo: Pendulum.
1-19-8 Demo: Velocity of wave on long spring.
1-19-9 Animation: Sine wave.
1-19-10 Sound waves.
1-19-11 Quiz: Speed of sound in Provo and in Los Angeles.

1-20. Intensity and Doppler Effect
1-20-1 Intensity.
1-20-2 Decibels.
1-20-3 Quiz: 20 dB louder.
1-20-4 Intensity of whisper, conversation, lawnmower.
1-20-5 Inverse square law.
1-20-6 Quiz: How far to change 80 dB to 60 dB?
1-20-7 How far to change 120 dB to 0 dB?
1-20-8 Animation: Doppler effect.
1-20-9 Ripple tank.
1-20-10 General rules.
1-20-11 Demo: Doppler effect with moving speaker.
1-20-12 Doppler shift in music.
1-20-13 Bats (Ref.).
1-20-14 Speed radar.
1-20-15 Quiz: Changing the color of light.
1-20-16 Changing red light to green light.
1-20-17 Red shift of distant galaxies.
1-20-18 Record-breaking red shift (Ref.).
1-20-19 Detection of extrasolar planets.

1-21. Shock Waves and Standing Waves
1-21-1 Animation: Shock waves: ray model.
1-21-2 Animation: Shock waves: wave model.
1-21-3 Quiz: What causes sonic booms?
1-21-4 Demo: Shock waves in water.
1-21-5 Demo: Interference with two speakers.
1-21-6 Animation: Standing waves.
1-21-7 Quiz: Wavelength of a three-loop standing wave.
1-21-8 Harmonics and resonance.
1-21-9 Demo: Using a standing wave to find the velocity of the wave.
1-21-10 YouTube: Standing waves on a metal plate.
1-21-11 Quiz: Effect of tension on velocity of wave.
1-21-12 Quiz: Effect of tension on standing wave.
1-21-13 Demo: Standing waves on an elastic cord.

1-22. Standing Waves in Tubes and Beats
1-22-1 Standing waves in a tube.
1-22-2 Demo: Standing waves in a tube.
1-22-3 Standing waves in a tube closed at one end.
1-22-4 Demo: Standing waves in a tube closed at one end.
1-22-5 Standing waves in the ear canal (Ref.).
1-22-6 Singing tube.
1-22-7 Animation: Beats.
1-22-8 Demo: Beats from two oscillators.

1-23. Music
1-23-1 Quiz: Tuning a violin.
1-23-2 Quiz: Playing a violin.
1-23-3 The violin.
1-23-4 The equal-tempered scale.
1-23-5 Harmonics.
1-23-6 Demo: Hear the harmonics.
1-23-7 Demo: Hear the harmonics on a violin string.
1-23-8 Animation: Harmonics for a violin and a trumpet.
1-23-9 Quiz: Fundamental frequency of a violin tone.
1-23-10 Demo: Harmonics in a human voice.
1-23-11 Pipe organ.
1-23-12 Demo: Harmonics in a pipe organ.
1-23-13 Quiz: Frequency of open and closed pipes.

1-24. More Examples
1-24-1 Example problem: Draw a PV diagram.
1-24-2 Example problem: Calculate the change in internal energy.
1-24-3 Quiz: Is the final temperature greater or less?
1-24-4 Maximum possible miles per gallon for a car.
1-24-5 Torques on a wheel.

1-25. Review Questions
1-25-1 Quiz: Two balls launched.
1-25-2 Quiz: Real car traveling with constant velocity.
1-25-3 Quiz: Two men clasping hands.
1-25-4 Quiz: Graph of object's motion
1-25-5 Quiz: Multiflash photograph.
1-25-6 Quiz: Water flowing up a hill.
1-25-7 Quiz: Hot piece of metal in water.
1-25-8 Quiz: Qnet for heat engine.
1-25-9 Quiz: Doppler effect for light.

Second Semester

2-1. Electric Charge
2-1-1. Electric charge
2-1-2. Demo: Van de Graaff generator: lightning
2-1-3. Demo: Van de Graaff generator: Garfield's hair
2-1-4. Demo: Van de Graaff generator: pie tins
2-1-5. Demo: Fun fly stick
2-1-6. Force between positive charged insulator and uncharged metal
2-1-7. Quiz: Force between negative charged insulator and uncharged metal
2-1-8. Force between charged rod and uncharged insulator
2-1-9. Demo: Comb and piece of paper
2-1-10. Demo: Comb and aluminum can
2-1-11. Demo: Electric charge on tape

2-2. Coulomb's Law and Electric Fields
2-2-1. Coulomb's law
2-2-2. Quiz: Net force due to two positive charges
2-2-3. Quiz: Net force due to a positive and negative charge
2-2-4. Simulation: Electric field produced by a charge (see PhET)
2-2-5. Force of electric field on a charge
2-2-6. Examples of force of electric field on a charge
2-2-7. Quiz: Electric field due to positive charge
2-2-8. Quiz: Electric field half-way between two positive charges
2-2-9. Quiz: Electric field between two positive charges but not half-way
2-2-10. Quiz: Net electric field due to two positive charges
2-2-11. Quiz: Net electric field due to a positive and negative charge
2-2-12. Electric field inside a metal

2-3. Electric Potential and Capacitors
2-3-1. Potential energy
2-3-2. Quiz: Potential energy of a pair of like charges
2-3-3. Quiz: Potential energy of a pair of unlike charges
2-3-4. Quiz: Change in potential energy does not depend on path
2-3-5. Potential energy of two point charges
2-3-6. Electric potential
2-3-7. Simulation: Electric potential produced by a charge (see PhET)
2-3-8. Quiz: Electric potential halfway between two positive charges
2-3-9. Quiz: Electric potential halfway between a positive and negative charge
2-3-10. Electric potential inside a metal
2-3-11. Batteries
2-3-12. Quiz: Electric potential at two ends of a wire
2-3-13. Quiz: Electric field in a capacitor
2-3-14. Quiz: Charges on a capacitor
2-3-15. Capacitance
2-3-16. Electric field between two plates of a capacitor is uniform.

2-4. Electric Current and Resistors
2-4-1. Electric currents in a circuit
2-4-2. Drift velocity (Ref.)
2-4-3. Resistance
2-4-4. Simulation: Current in a circuit (see PhET)
2-4-5. Light bulb
2-4-6. Electric fields in a wire carrying a current
2-4-7. Connecting a circuit to ground

2-5. Kirchhoff's Rules and RC Circuit
2-5-1. Loop rule.
2-5-2. Loop rule again.
2-5-3. Junction rule.
2-5-4. Example using Kirchhoff's rules for a circuit. Part a: Assigning currents
2-5-5. Example using Kirchhoff's rules for a circuit. Part b: Junction rule
2-5-6. Example using Kirchhoff's rules for a circuit. Part c: Loop rule
2-5-7. Two useful rules for using the loop rule
2-5-8. Quiz: Loop rule
2-5-9. Quiz: Junction rule
2-5-10. Charging a capacitor in an RC circuit
2-5-11. Quiz: RC circuit
2-5-12. Discharging a capacitor in an RC circuit
2-5-13. Demo: RC circuit

2-6. Light Bulbs
2-6-1. Quiz: What happens to the brightness of light bulb A?
2-6-2. Quiz: Rank the brightness of each light bulb.
2-6-3. Quiz: Rank the brightness of each light bulb again.
2-6-4. Quiz: What happens to the brightness of light bulb A? A more difficult example
2-6-5. Detailed calculation for the circuit in the previous two quizzes

2-7. Magnetic Fields and Force
2-7-1. Magnetic field from a bar magnet
2-7-2. Bar magnet in a magnetic field
2-7-3. Magnets attract and repel each other
2-7-4. Magnetic field produced by a horseshoe magnet
2-7-5. Force of magnetic field on a moving charge (Ref.)
2-7-6. Quiz: Force of magnetic field on a beam of electrons
2-7-7. Demo: Force of magnetic field on a beam of electrons
2-7-8. Quiz: Force of magnetic field on an electric current
2-7-9. Demo: Force of magnetic field on an electric current
2-7-10. Simple electric motor
2-7-11. Demo: Simple electric motor
2-7-12. Quiz: Force of magnetic field on drifting Na ion
2-7-13. Quiz: Force of magnetic field on drifting Cl ion
2-7-14. Ion engine
2-7-15. Demo: Ion engine
2-7-16. Quiz: Centripetal force of magnetic field on moving charge

2-8. Current Loops and Induced Current
2-8-1. Demo: Magnetic field produced by current and detected with a compass (Ref.).
2-8-2. Quiz: Magnetic field produced by an electric current
2-8-3. Demo: Two parallel wires attract and repel each other
2-8-4. Current loops
2-8-5. Quiz: Magnetic field produced by a loop of electric current
2-8-6. Side view of current loop and right-hand rule (Ref.)
2-8-7. Magnetic materials
2-8-8. Demo: Bolts hanging from a magnet
2-8-9. Demo: Induced emf
2-8-10. Lenz's law
2-8-11. Explain demo of Lenz's law
2-8-12. Demo: Lenz's law
2-8-13. Quiz: Current induced in loop due to pulling magnetic out of loop
2-8-14. Quiz: Current induced in loop due to pulling magnetic out of loop in the other direction
2-8-15. Demo: Pull out a magnet in both directions
2-8-16. Demo: Move the coil instead of the magnet
2-8-17. Forces due to Lenz's law
2-8-18. Demo: Magnet falling down a conducting tube

2-9. Inductors
2-9-1. Quiz: Emf induced by changing magnetic field
2-9-2. Faraday's law and magnetic flux
2-9-3. Magnetic flux due to bar magnet
2-9-4. Quiz: Motional emf
2-9-5. Inductors
2-9-6. Quiz: Close switch in LR circuit
2-9-7. Simulation of LR circuit (see PhET)
2-9-8. Quiz: Plot voltage across L for an LR circuit
2-9-9. Opening the switch in an LR circuit

2-10. AC Circuits and Transformers
2-10-1 AC circuits
2-10-2. Reactance of capacitor and inductor
2-10-3. Quiz: AC current through a capacitor
2-10-4. Circuit with R, L, and C in series
2-10-5. Resonance
2-10-6. Quiz: Changing current in loop A induces current in loop B
2-10-7. Demo: Transformer
2-10-8. Demo: Playing music through a transformer
2-10-9. Transformers
2-10-10. Quiz: Current in secondary coil of transformer

2-11. Electrical Safety and Electromagnetic Waves
2-11-1. Demo: Light bulb and transformer
2-11-2. Demo: Ring tosser
2-11-3. Quiz: Safe to touch a wire in a circuit?
2-11-4. Maxwell's equations (You will not e tested on this material.)
2-11-5. Electromagnetic waves
2-11-6. Spectrum of electromagnetic waves

2-12. Reflection and Refraction
2-12-1. Refraction simulation (See Refract)
2-12-2 Index of refraction
2-12-3 Quiz: Direction light is bent going from air into glass
2-12-4 Quiz: Direction light is bent going from glass into air
2-12-5 Quiz: Direction light is bent going from a glass prism into air
2-12-6 Quiz: Direction light is bent going from air into a glass prism
2-12-7 Quiz: Which color of light bends the most as it leaves a glass prism?
2-12-8 Demo: Refraction of white light
2-12-9 Man sitting in water (Ref.).
2-12-10 Total internal reflection from a window in a diving pool
2-12-11 Demo: Total internal reflection
2-12-12 Quiz: At what time does a fish see the sun set?
2-12-13 Concave mirror
2-12-14 Convex mirror
2-12-15 Converging lens
2-12-16 Light bulb at focal point of converging lens
2-12-17 Demo: Light bulb at focal point of converging lens
2-12-18 Diverging lens

2-13. Images of Mirrors and Lenses
2-13-1 Images from a plane mirror
2-13-2 Producing a real image with a concave mirror
2-13-3 Ray diagrams for a concave mirror
2-13-4 Example of a ray diagram for a concave mirror producing a real image
2-13-5 Demo: Real image from mirror
2-13-6 Demo: Illusive dollar
2-13-7 Example of a ray diagram for a concave mirror producing a virtual image
2-13-8 Ray diagrams for a convex mirror
2-13-9 Example of a ray diagram for a convex mirror producing a virtual image
2-13-10 Incorrect ray diagrams in textbook
2-13-11 Quiz: What type of mirror is it?
2-13-12 Ray diagrams for a converging lens
2-13-13 Example of a ray diagram for a converging lens producing a real image
2-13-14 Quiz: What happens to the image if we cover up the top half of the lens?
2-13-15 Demo: Real image from lens
2-13-16 Example of a ray diagram for a converging lens producing a virtual image
2-13-17 Ray diagrams for a diverging lens
2-13-18 Example of a ray diagram for a diverging lens producing a virtual image
2-13-19 Quiz: Is the image of the space needle real or virtual? (Ref.)
2-13-20 Demo: Real and virtual images

2-14. Double Slits and Diffraction Gratings
2-14-1 Light passing through a slit spreads out
2-14-2 Demo: Two-wave model for double-slit interference
2-14-3 Interference of light from two slits
2-14-4 The double-slit interference equation
2-14-5 Demo: Illustrating double slit interference
2-14-6 Quiz: Increase the separation of two slits
2-14-7 Quiz: Decrease the wavelength of the light passing through two slits
2-14-8 Demo: Double-slit interference
2-14-9 Diffraction grating
2-14-10 Demo: Diffraction grating
2-14-11 Spectroscope
2-14-12 Demo: Separating light into colors using a diffraction grating

2-15. Thin Films and Single Slits
2-15-1 Reflected wave inverted or noninverted
2-15-2 Quiz: Reflection from a film of air between two plates of glass
2-15-3 Interference of waves reflected from a film of air between two plates of glass
2-15-4 Interference of waves reflected from a film of soapy water
2-15-5 Demo: Interference of waves reflected from a film of soapy water
2-15-6 Quiz: Reflection from a film of MgF2 on glass
2-15-7 Quiz: Interference of waves reflected from a film of MgF2 on glass
2-15-8 Interference of waves reflected from a film of MgF2 on glass
2-15-9 Interference of waves passing through a single slit
2-15-10 Quiz: Use a narrower slit
2-15-11 Quiz: Use light with a shorter wavelength.
2-15-12 Demo: Diffraction of light through a single slit

2-16. Camera and Eye
2-16-1 Camera
2-16-2 Quiz: Camera focuses on closer object
2-16-3 Eye (Ref.)
2-16-4 Quiz: Eye focuses on closer object
2-16-5 Accommodation
2-16-6 Near-sighted
2-16-7 Quiz: Corrective lens for a near-sighted eye
2-16-8 Quiz: Reading glasses
2-16-9 Virtual images from diverging and converging lenses
2-16-10 Apparent size

2-17. Optical Instruments and Resolution
2-17-1 Converging lens for distance object and for object near focal point
2-17-2 Simple magnifier
2-17-3 Microscope
2-17-4 Quiz: Magnification of a microscope
2-17-5 Telescope
2-17-6 Quiz: Size of image relative to object for a telescope
2-17-7 Quiz: Magnification of a telescope
2-17-8 Demo: Telescope
2-17-9 Diffraction from a round hole
2-17-10 Resolution
2-17-11. Simulation of Rayleigh criterion (See Rayleigh)
2-17-12 Resolving power of the eye (pdf file)
2-17-13 Quiz: Resolving power of a telescope
2-17-14 Resolving power of the Hubble Space Telescope

2-18. Polarized Light
2-18-1 Polarized light
2-18-2 Polaroid
2-18-3 Simulation of polarizers (See Polarize)
2-18-4 Demo: Polarizers
2-18-5 Producing electromagnetic waves with an oscillating charge
2-18-6 Quiz: Communication with radio antennas
2-18-7 Reflection from a surface
2-18-8 Quiz: Polaroid sunglasses
2-18-9 Photograph taken looking through Polaroid sunglasses
2-18-10 Demo: Polarization of reflected light

2-19. Relativity: Time Dilation, Length Contraction, and Simultaneous Events
2-19-1 Relative velocity
2-19-2 Einstein's reasoning
2-19-3 Relative velocity of Henry and a beam of light
2-19-4 Moving clocks run slow.
2-19-5 Time itself is slower in a moving reference frame.
2-19-6 Equation describing time dilation
2-19-7 Evidence for time dilation
2-19-8 Quiz: Travel to a distant star
2-19-9 Length contraction
2-19-10 Albert and Henry both perceive each other's clock to be slow and meter stick to be short
See A Simple Experiment in Relativity
2-19-11 Twin paradox
See The Twin Paradox
2-19-12 Barn paradox
2-19-13 Sending messages to the Earth and to the star
2-19-14 Quiz: Does the Earth or the star receive the message first?

2-20. Relativity: Momentum, Energy, and Gravity
2-20-1 Relativistic momentum
2-20-2 Quiz: What happens to acceleration as an object approaches the speed of light?
2-20-3 Electron volts
2-20-4 Relativistic kinetic energy
2-20-5 Rest energy
2-20-6 Quiz: Which particle is moving at a relativistic speed?
2-20-7 General relativity and the equivalence principle
2-20-8 Equivalence principle applied to a bullet
2-20-9 Equivalence principle applied to a beam of light
2-20-10 Verification of Einstein's theory of general relativity
2-20-11 Gravitational lens
2-20-12 Inertial frame of reference
2-20-13 Quiz: Is the space shuttle in an inertial frame of reference?

2-21. Photons
2-21-1 Photoelectric effect
2-21-2 Photoelectric effect with some numbers
2-21-3 Quiz: Which kind of radiation is more likely to knock out electrons?
2-21-4 Demo: Photoelectric effect
2-21-5 Compton effect
2-21-6 Quiz: Which electron is knocked out with more energy?
2-21-7 Quiz: Which scattered photon has a longer wavelength?
2-21-8 Simulation of photons passing through a double slit (See Twoslit (photons))
2-21-9 Experimental data: photons passing through a double slit (Ref.)
2-21-10 Picture of a photon
2-21-11 Wavelength of an electron
2-21-12 Simulation of electrons passing through a double slit (See Twoslit (electrons))
2-21-13 Experimental data: electrons passing through a double slit (Ref.)
2-21-14 Quiz: Double-slit interference pattern for electrons

2-22. Quantum Mechanics and Atoms
2-22-1 Wave functions
2-22-2 Wave packets and uncertainty principle
2-22-3 Using a microscope to determine an object's position
2-22-4 Zero-point motion at absolute zero temperature
2-22-5 Wave functions in the hydrogen atom
2-22-6 Atomic energy levels and the exclusion principle
2-22-7 Transitions of electrons between atomic energy levels
2-22-8 Quiz: Which transition emits blue light?
2-22-9 Energy levels in the hydrogen atom
2-22-10 Energy levels in the neon atom
2-22-11 Demo: Spectrum of hydrogen and neon
2-22-12 Demo: Atomic spectra viewed through a diffraction grating

2-23. Atomic Nuclei and Half-Life
2-23-1 Atomic nucleus
2-23-2 Strong force and stability of nucleus (Ref.)
2-23-3 Quiz: Potential energy of proton and neutron in deuterium.
2-23-4 Quiz: Mass of the deuterium nucleus
2-23-5 Mass of deuterium nucleus and binding energy (Ref.)
2-23-6 Decay of unstable nuclei
2-23-7 Demo: Geiger counter
2-23-8 Quiz: How many half-lives until 1 beta particle/sec is emitted?
2-23-9 Quiz: How many iodine-128 nuclei remain after 79 half-lives?
2-23-10 Large and small half-lives

2-24. Nuclear Decay and Reactions
2-24-1 Alpha decay
2-24-2 Quiz: Mass lost or gained in alpha decay?
2-24-3 Beta decay
2-24-4 Neutrinos
2-24-5 Positrons
2-24-6 Gamma decay
2-24-7 Quiz: Which kind of radiation is not deflected by a magnetic field?
2-24-8 Nuclear reactions
2-24-9 Carbon dating

2-25. Nuclear Power and Ionizing Radiation
2-25-1 Fission and fusion (Ref.)
2-25-2 Fission and chain reactions
2-25-3 Demo: Chain reaction
2-25-4 Fusion
2-25-5 Ionizing radiation and the Sievert
2-25-6 News release about effects of low levels of ionizing radiation
2-25-7 Hereditary health effects of radiation
2-25-8 Risk of death due to cancer
2-25-9 Quiz: Risk of death due to 0.1 Sv
2-25-10 Quiz: A thousand people: how many will die from 0.1 Sv?
2-25-11 Quiz: A million people: how many will die from 0.1 mSv?
2-25-12 Quiz: 300 million people: how many will die from 0.2 Sv?
2-25-13 Dose from background, dental x ray, and chest CT scan
2-25-14 Doses from nuclear power plant accidents

2-26. Lasers
2-26-1 Lasers are bright.
2-26-2 Demo: The spectrum of laser light.
2-26-3 Demo: Fluorescence.
2-26-4 Lasers are bright.
2-26-5 Stimulated emission
2-26-6 How a laser works
2-26-7 Ruby laser
2-26-8 He-Ne laser
2-26-9 Solid-state laser

2-27. Superconductors
2-27-1 Zero resistance
2-27-2 Levitation
2-27-3 Demo: Levitation
2-27-4 BCS theory and Cooper pairs
2-27-5 Critical field
2-27-6 Superconducting magnets
2-27-7 The search for higher critical temperatures

References

As noted below, I don't know where I found some of the figures I used in my lectures. If anyone recognizes any of them, please let me know. I would gladly give proper credit.

1-1-10. Graph of the velocity of an accelerating Mini Cooper is from The Physics Teacher, March 2009, p. 137.
1-3-14. Figure of the cross walk is from The Physics Teacher, April 200, p. 231.
1-5-4. Figure of student in the Vomet Comet is from one of the issues of The Physics Teacher.
1-5-8. Figure of bicycle wheel is from one of the issues of The Physics Teacher
1-6-4. Figure of block and tackle is from the internet somewhere.
1-7-14. Video of pole vaulter is from the internet somewhere. Figure of the annual pole-vaulting records is from J. Jewett, Physics Begins with an M: Mysteries, Magic and Myth, p. 69.
1-10-13. Figure of the broom is one of Paul Hewitt's drawings.
1-13-2. I don't know where I obtained the figure of the foot.
1-13-8. The figure of the highway sign is from the internet somewhere.
1-13-10. Graph of vehicle roll-overs is from The Physics Teacher, February 2004, p. 90.
1-18-13. The figure of the ratchet gear is from the internet somewhere.
1-20-13. Graph of the threshold of hearing of a bat is from J. F. R. Hallett, Physics for the Biological Sciences, 4th Edition (Cengage 2003), p 13.
1-20-18. Figure from the Hubble Space Telescope is from HubbleSite NewsCenter, January 26, 2011.
2-4-2. The video of falling marbles is from The Video Encyclopedia of Physics Demonstrations.
2-7-5. Figure of the right-hand rule is from R. A. Serway, College Physics, 8th Edition (Cengage, 2009), p. 631.
2-8-1. Figure of the right-hand rule is from R. A. Serway, College Physics, 8th Edition (Cengage, 2009), p. 642.
2-8-6. Figure of the right-hand rule is composite of figures from R. A. Serway, College Physics, 8th Edition (Cengage, 2009), pp. 642, 647.
2-12-9. Figure of the man sitting in a tank of water is from The Physics Teacher, November 2012, p. 501.
2-13-19. Figure of the Space Needle is from The Physics Teacher, November 1998, front cover.
2-16-3. I don't know where I got the figure of the eye.
2-21.9. Figure showing the interference pattern from photons passing through a double slit is from some textbook.
2-21.13. Figure showing the interference pattern from electrons passing through a double slit is from some textbook.
2-23-2 Graph of the stable nuclei is from R. A. Serway, College Physics, 8th Edition (Cengage, 2009), p. 915.
2-23-5. Graph of binding energies is from R. A. Serway, College Physics, 8th Edition (Cengage, 2009), p. 917.
2-25-1. Graph of binding energies is from R. A. Serway, College Physics, 8th Edition (Cengage, 2009), p. 917.